New Delhi: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is no longer a condition that only affects women in their late 20s or 30s. Today, doctors are noticing an alarming rise in PCOS cases among teenagers, some as young as 13 or 14. This trend is worrying because the early onset of PCOS can have long-lasting effects on health, lifestyle, and emotional well-being if not managed in time. Dr. Chetana V, Sr. Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, spoke about the early onset of PCOS in teenage girls and what can be done to combat the same.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries. Women with PCOS produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens), which can disturb the regular menstrual cycle. The exact cause of PCOS is still unclear, but genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors play an important role.
Why Are Teenagers at Risk?
Teenage years bring major hormonal changes, and this is when PCOS often starts showing up.:
- Unhealthy diet: High consumption of junk food, sugary drinks, and processed items increases insulin resistance, a key factor in PCOS.
- Lack of physical activity: Sedentary lifestyle, long hours on gadgets, and less outdoor play, which worsens PCOS symptoms.
- Stress and irregular sleep: Exam pressure, social media influence, and poor sleep cycles affect hormonal balance in young girls.
Early Signs Parents and Teens Should Notice
PCOS symptoms in teenagers are often mistaken for normal changes during puberty. But timely observation can make a big difference. Some early warning signs include:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Severe acne or oily skin
- Excess hair growth on face, chest, or back (hirsutism)
- Sudden weight gain, especially around the waist
- Hair thinning on the scalp
- Dark patches of skin around the neck or underarms
Long-Term Health Concerns
When PCOS begins early, the risks increase over time. Untreated PCOS can lead to:
- Infertility issues later in life due to irregular ovulation
- Type 2 diabetes is caused by long-term insulin resistance
- High cholesterol and heart disease risks at a younger age
- Mental health struggles such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem
The Role of Early Diagnosis
Doctors stress that early diagnosis is the key to managing PCOS effectively. A simple blood test and ultrasound can confirm the condition. Once identified, lifestyle corrections and medical treatment can control symptoms and prevent long-term damage. Parents should encourage open conversations with their daughters about menstrual health instead of dismissing irregular periods as “normal teenage changes.”
Managing PCOS: Small Steps, Big Impact
While there is no permanent cure for PCOS, it can be managed well with the right approach. For teenagers, these small steps can make a big difference:
- Balanced diet: Choosing whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and protein-rich foods instead of fast food.
- Regular exercise: At least 30–45 minutes of physical activity daily, such as walking, cycling, or yoga.
- Sleep hygiene: Maintaining a fixed bedtime routine and avoiding late-night screen time.
- Stress management: Practicing meditation, hobbies, or sports to reduce mental pressure.
In some cases, doctors may prescribe medication to regulate periods, control hormones, or manage acne and excess hair growth.
Why Early Action Matters
If teenagers learn to manage PCOS early, they can lead healthy and confident lives. Delaying diagnosis not only increases health risks but also adds emotional stress. Schools, parents, and healthcare providers must work together to spread awareness about PCOS so that teenage girls do not feel isolated or ashamed.
Breaking the Silence around PCOS
One of the biggest challenges is the stigma around menstrual and reproductive health. Many teenage girls feel shy to discuss irregular periods or excessive hair growth. This silence often delays treatment. Awareness campaigns, school health programs, and open family discussions are essential to break this barrier.
Conclusion
The rise in PCOS cases among teenagers is a wake-up call. It is not just a “women’s problem” to be dealt with later in life, but it is a health issue that demands early attention. By identifying symptoms, encouraging healthy habits, and seeking timely medical advice, parents and teenagers can prevent PCOS from becoming a lifelong struggle.