Why Seagulls Travel, Stay or Survive Winter Without Migration: All You Need to Know

Seagulls are birds from the gull family, known scientifically as Laridae. There are more than 50 species of gulls found across the world, according to Birdfact. They live near seas, oceans, lakes, rivers and even cities. Despite the name, scientists usually call them “gulls” rather than seagulls.

Gulls are among the most adaptable birds on Earth. They can live in coastal areas, inland lakes, farmland, towns and cities. Their ability to adjust to different environments helps them survive changing weather, food shortages and human activity. This adaptability is one reason many gulls do not need to migrate far.

Seagulls are very intelligent birds. They can learn, remember food locations and solve simple problems. They live in groups called colonies and communicate using calls and body language. Their social nature helps them find food, spot danger and survive difficult conditions, especially during winter.

Not all seagulls migrate. Some species migrate long distances, some migrate short distances, and others do not migrate at all. This is called “partial migration.” Whether a gull migrates depends on its species, age, food supply and how harsh the winter becomes in its home area.

The main reason seagulls migrate is food. In winter, cold weather can freeze lakes and reduce fish, insects and marine life. Some gulls move south or towards warmer coasts where food is easier to find. Migration helps them avoid starvation during harsh winters.

Seagulls are not migrating because of cold alone. They can survive cold weather, but extreme storms, ice and strong winds make feeding difficult. When weather affects food access, gulls move to areas with milder conditions where they can feed safely and regularly.

Young seagulls often migrate further than adults. Older gulls have experience and know good winter feeding spots, so they may stay closer to home. Younger birds follow instinct and often travel longer distances to safer areas where survival chances are higher.

Many seagulls breed in colder northern regions during summer because food is abundant. After breeding season ends, some move south for winter. Migration allows them to return to rich feeding areas for breeding and then avoid harsh winter conditions when raising chicks is no longer needed.

Seagulls have thick, waterproof feathers that trap air close to their bodies. This layer keeps them warm even in freezing temperatures. Their feathers also block wind and water, allowing gulls to rest on cold surfaces like ice, rocks and docks without losing too much body heat.

In winter, seagulls become less picky eaters. They eat fish, shellfish, insects, small animals, seeds and human food waste. This flexible diet helps them survive when natural food is limited. Their strong stomachs allow them to digest many types of food safely.

Many seagulls stay near towns and cities during winter. Rubbish dumps, fishing harbours, food markets and streets provide easy meals. While this causes conflict with humans, it helps gulls survive winter without migrating. Urban areas are often warmer than open countryside.

During winter, seagulls conserve energy by resting more and flying less. They spend time standing still, tucking their legs into feathers and sheltering from wind. This energy-saving behaviour reduces food needs and helps them survive even when meals are less frequent.

Seagulls often gather in large groups during winter. Living in groups helps them stay warm, spot predators and find food more easily. When one gull finds food, others quickly follow. Group behaviour increases survival chances during cold and dangerous conditions.

Seagulls living near seas and oceans often stay year-round because saltwater freezes less easily than freshwater. Fish and marine life remain available even in winter. Coastal gulls can feed along shorelines, beaches and harbours without needing long-distance migration.

Seagulls have strong bodies and can survive short periods without food. Their metabolism slows slightly in winter, reducing energy loss. This natural ability allows them to cope with cold nights, storms and temporary food shortages without the need to migrate far.