New Delhi: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common yet misunderstood endocrine disorders affecting women today. While its visible symptoms—irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and excess hair growth—are widely recognized, the emotional and psychological toll it takes often remains hidden. PCOS is not just a health issue; it’s a journey through complex hormonal challenges, fertility struggles, and often, an uphill battle to be heard and treated.
In an interaction with TV9 English, Dr.Yashica Gudesar, Director and Unit Head, Ob-Gyn, at Max Hospital, Dwarka, explained how PCOS affects women’s health.
Globally, PCOS affects an estimated 6–13% of reproductive-aged women, though this figure varies depending on diagnostic criteria and population demographics. In the U.S. alone, nearly 5 million women are believed to be affected. It is also the leading cause of anovulatory infertility worldwide. In India, the burden is equally concerning, with prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.5%. This wide variation underscores how underdiagnosed and misunderstood the condition remains, particularly in low-awareness or resource-limited settings.
Hormonal Imbalance and Its Ripple Effects
At its core, PCOS is a hormonal disorder marked by insulin resistance and elevated levels of androgens—male hormones naturally present in small amounts in women. These imbalances disrupt the menstrual cycle, often leading to irregular or missed periods and making ovulation inconsistent or absent. The ripple effect can extend to several areas of health, including skin (acne), hair (hirsutism or hair thinning), and weight management.
But beyond the physical, these hormonal imbalances deeply impact mental well-being. Research links PCOS to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and body image issues. Women navigating fertility treatments or recurrent miscarriages often face emotional distress, compounded by societal pressures and isolation. The constant battle against stigma, unsolicited advice, or even medical dismissal adds another layer of psychological burden.
Challenges in Diagnosis and the Promise of Technology
Diagnosing PCOS is not always straightforward. Clinicians typically use a combination of three criteria: irregular or absent menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism (symptoms or lab-confirmed), and polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound. However, the absence of a definitive test and variability in symptom presentation make timely diagnosis difficult.
In India, these challenges are further complicated by cultural stigma, lack of awareness, and unequal access to healthcare. Many women either go undiagnosed or receive inconsistent care. On a brighter note, advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are beginning to reshape how PCOS is detected. These technologies can help analyze hormone profiles with greater precision, potentially enabling earlier and more accurate diagnoses, especially in underserved populations.
Diet, Lifestyle, and the Will to Persist
Managing PCOS requires long-term lifestyle changes rather than quick fixes. A diet rich in low glycemic index foods—such as whole grains, legumes, and vegetables—can help control insulin levels. Anti-inflammatory foods like fatty fish, berries, and leafy greens also play a crucial role. The Mediterranean diet, which balances healthy fats, lean proteins, and complex carbs, is especially effective.
Importantly, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. The “right” diet varies for each individual and should ideally be developed in consultation with a doctor or dietitian. Regular exercise, stress management, and weight control (when needed) can significantly improve symptoms and fertility outcomes.
Toward Compassionate, Inclusive Care
PCOS is a chronic, frequently lifelong condition that affects women’s self-perception, social interactions, and emotional health management. Increased awareness, prompt diagnosis, comprehensive care, and sympathetic communication are the keys to the future. A silent struggle can become a shared journey of strength and healing when women are empowered with education, support networks, and access to high-quality healthcare. In addition to improving health outcomes, tackling PCOS’s visible and invisible battles upholds the dignity and resilience of millions of women worldwide.