The record for the longest interim government has been made in Nepal from 2006 to 2015.
The new interim government under the leadership of Sushila Karki in Nepal has taken over its functioning. It is to be hoped that Nepal, who has been ruthless in the last five-six days, will be able to be comfortable in the next few days. It may take months to compensate the damage done by chaotic elements because many important buildings of the country have been burnt. It is the responsibility of the interim government to normalize the country in the next few months and conduct elections. This is the basic responsibility of any interim government.
On the pretext of Nepal, let us know how long the interim government can be run? In which major countries of the world, such situations happened? Where the interim government lasted for the longest days?
Why is the interim government form?
Interim government is formed in conditions like political instability, change of governance or new constitution in any country. Its main objective is to make democratic infection comfortable, running administration until a permanent government is formed and necessary political consent. But this question is important how long such an interim government can last? Its answer is not only related to constitutional provisions but also with the political conditions of the country.
How long does the interim government last?
In any democracy, the duration of the interim government ideally is brief and well -organized. Its different countries may have different provisions, but generally this period is considered from a few months to one year. The constitution and practices of many countries believe that the interim government should only be limited to the next election and new permanent power transfer. But the reality is that due to political disagreement, civil war, delay in constitution and power struggle, this period has been seen for many years.
Where and when the interim government became?
1- Nepal (2006-2015): The longest interim government
Nepal saw the longest period of the interim government and the Constitution. From 1996 to 2006, Nepal continued to pass through the Civil War and Monarchy vs. Democracy Struggle. In the year 2006, there was a widespread mass movement, due to which King Gyanendra had to hand over the power to the public. The interim constitution came into force in the year 2007. It was decided that the Constituent Assembly would be elected and the same new constitution will be made. Elections were held in the year 2008 and the Constituent Assembly started work. But the process became prolonged due to issues like disagreement-condolence structure, secularism, ethnic representation among political parties.
Once the period of the Constituent Assembly ended, the new meeting was elected, but the deadline crossed again. During this period many interim governments were formed, Maoist leaders Prachanda, then Madhav Kumar Nepal, Jhalnath Khanal and Baburam Bhattarai etc. led the country.
Political parties eventually agreed during the disastrous earthquake in 2015. The new constitution came into force on 20 September 2015. Thus, the interim government and constitution system lasted in Nepal for about nine years, which remained unusually long in the world.
Currently, the new interim government under the leadership of Sushila Karki in Nepal has taken over its work.
2- Cambodia (1991–1993): 2 years interim government again election
After the Paris Peace Agreement (1991), an interim government was formed under the patronage of the United Nations in war-hit Cambodia. The interim system went on for almost two years and elections were held in the year 1993. Since then, the country is on track amidst many ups and downs.
3- South Africa (1994–1996): Government of Nelson Mandela
After the end of the apartheid, the interim constitution and the government were formed under the leadership of Nelson Mandela. The new constitution was prepared in a period of two years and in 1996 the permanent democratic government assumed authority. Even then the government was led by Nelson Mandela. The election was held under his leadership and he managed to form the government by winning with an overwhelming majority.
4- Iraq (20032005): America’s interference and government formed
An interim administration was formed after American intervention and the collapse of Saddam Hussain. First became the interim government of Iraq and then in 2005 the Transitional National Assembly. This entire process lasted for almost two years till the Constitution came into force in 2005.
Mohammad Yunus and Sheikh Hasina
5- Bangladesh (1990, 20062008, so far from 2024): Younus’s interim government
After the collapse of military ruler Ershad in 1990, an interim government was formed under the chairmanship of Judicial Chief Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed who conducted elections. In 2006, when the political crisis increased, a non-partisan interim government was formed, which lasted for two years and held elections in 2008. After the youth movement last year, Sheikh Hasina’s government ended and he came to India and took refuge. Since then, the interim government is running under the leadership of Mohammad Yunus, the government of Bangladesh. Political parties are constantly demanding elections but Younus has not yet clarified the situation.
What are the boundaries of interim government?
- Lack of stability: The interim government is not sustainable, so it avoids policy decisions.
- Political instability: If the time increases, public confidence decreases, like in Nepal, the government is being changed again and again.
- Development work disrupted: Policy and investment stops. In such a situation, development is also interrupted. Foreign investment is negligible.
- Constitutional uncertainty: Public rights are not completely safe.
The purpose of the interim government is to bring change, democratic infection and durability. Ideally it should be short -term, from a few months to one year. But Nepal’s parable shows that this period can be stretched for a long time due to political interests, disagreements and constitutional complications. Nepal is an example of the world where the interim rule lasted for about nine years and eventually a permanent democratic system with the new constitution. Despite this, this country is still looking for stability.
The lesson is that the success of the interim government depends on the brevity, transparency and political consent of its period. Long interim period increases stress and insecurity rather than stabilizing infection. After Nepal, Bangladesh is an exact example in this case, where the Yunus government is now under question.
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