New Delhi: Hepatitis is a silent epidemic that continues to claim lives despite being preventable and curable. Among the different types of hepatitis, Hepatitis C stands out for its slow progression, harmful impact, and now, its unmatched potential for cure. Dr. Madhu Sasidharan, Senior Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, KIMSHEALTH Trivandrum, spoke about the silent Hepatitis C crisis in India.
What is Hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if left untreated. It is transmitted through infected blood, commonly via unsterile medical procedures, unsafe injections, blood transfusions, or intravenous drug use. Often dubbed the ‘silent killer’, Hepatitis C can remain asymptomatic, while silently damaging the liver. The virus was discovered only in 1989, and blood tests to detect the virus became available only from 1990, leading to safer blood transfusions.
India’s Silent Burden
India is home to an estimated 6–12 million people living with Hepatitis C, many of whom are unaware of their infection. It is usually asymptomatic for long periods and may go undetected unless checked for. This lack of awareness results in delayed diagnosis, progression to advanced liver diseases, and increased mortality.
From Fear to Cure: The Game-Changer
In the past, treatment for Hepatitis C was long, difficult, and often poorly tolerated. But in the last decade, from 2013, many drugs called Direct-Acting Anti-virals (DAAs) became available and have transformed the landscape.
These medications offer:
- Cure rates of over 95%
- Short treatment durations (8–12 weeks)
- Minimal side effects
Unlike older interferon-based therapies, DAAs are oral tablets that are safe and effective, even for patients with kidney impairment, advanced liver disease, or HIV co-infection.
Screening is the First Step
Many people do not realize they have Hepatitis C until serious complications arise. Free and low-cost screening programs are available in many states. Population at higher risk—such as those who received blood transfusions before 2002, dialysis patients, baby boomers ( those born between 1946-1964), and healthcare workers who are exposed to patients with HCV should be especially vigilant.
The Way Forward
In addition to improving liver function, treating Hepatitis C lowers the risk of liver cancer, enhances quality of life, and lessens the need for liver transplants. But treatment doesn’t end with recovery. Monitoring liver health requires follow-up care, particularly for individuals with cirrhosis.
Public Health Initiatives and the WHO Goal
By 2030, the World Health Organisation wants to eradicate viral hepatitis as a risk to public health. Strong public health programs, extensive screening, accessible, reasonably priced treatment, and awareness-raising are all necessary for this.