The Mughals created their official language Persian and used Turkey as mother tongue.
Hindi diwas 2025: Babur established the Mughal Empire in India after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipat in 1526. Along with this, he brought with him his language Türkiye and Chagatai. The language of Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, was Chagatai, which is proof of Babarnama, which is written in this language. However, over time the Mughal emperors became familiar with local art, culture and languages. Nevertheless, the Mughals made their official language Persian and used Turkey as mother tongue.
However, the question arises that how much did the Mughals who spoke Persian-Turki know Hindi? Did he take any steps for Hindi? Let’s know the answers to these questions.
Mother tongue chagatai and official language Persian
Babur’s mother tongue may be Chagatai and Turkish, but Persian, the official language of the Mughal Empire, was made. Initially, the Mughals used to talk among themselves in Türkiye and Chagatai, but due to the influence of Persian language in Central Asia, they decided to make it an official language. Then the relations of the ancestors of the Mughal rulers were also with the Persian people of Central Asia. This was also one of the reasons that Persian was made the official language by the Mughals.
Therefore, apart from Türkiye and Chagatai, the Mughals had a good understanding of Persian language. The proof of this is the book Akbarnama based on the history of Akbar’s reign written in Persian. Akbar’s court historian Abul Fazal composed it in Persian. The language of Ein-e-Akbari is also Persian. Then Jahangir’s autobiography Jahangiranama or Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri was also written in Persian. During the Mughal period, Dara Shikoh also translated the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita into Persian.
Dara Shikoh.
How much local language did the Mughals learned?
However, the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the language needed to communicate when the contact with the local people and the culture increased. The Mughals learned the language here to communicate with the local people, which was a form of Hindi, which was called Hindustani. It was a language that developed with a mixture of Sanskritist Hindi, other local languages, Persian and Turkish languages.
The Mughals became proficient in this language over time. Then the language that developed Turkey including Hindi, Arabic and Persian in local soldiers camps was called Urdu. However, at that time, there was neither much difference between Hindustani and Urdu nor considered. Just to write Urdu, Arabic-Persian script was used and Devanagari script for Hindustani.
The last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar himself was a good knowledge and poet of Hindustani. Some people consider him as a poet of Urdu and some of Hindustani poet. Overall, he was a creator of a language that grew up in India.
The last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was a good knowledge and poet of Hindustani.
Mughals protect Indian literature
Despite the high influence of Arabic, Persian, Türkiye and Urdu in the time of the Mughals, the sustainable development of Indian languages and literature continued. The reason for this was the Mughal literature lover. The credit for the development of Persian in India also goes to the Mughal period. From Akbar to Jahangir and later the emperors, many texts were written in Persian. Also, epic like Mahabharata was translated into Persian. Nevertheless, the continuous development of Hindi and Brajbhashas continued.
In fact, the Mughals gave the Hindi litterateurs. That is why in that era, along with dialects like Braj, Awadhi, standing dialect also developed and the compositions of these enriched the Hindi of the Mughal period.
Emperor Akbar.
Development of devotional literature
Acharya Ramchandra Shukla writes in the history of his book Hindi literature in detail how Hindi developed through Hindi literature. Due to the protection of the Mughal court, Hindi poet flourished in that era. During the Mughal period, the Bhakti movement reached its peak, which gave Hindi literature a new direction. During this period, poets like Goswami Tulsidas, Surdas and Kabir got a boost.
Tulsidas composed Ramcharitmanas at the same time and gave the message of social message and devotion. Surdas, who was associated with Akbar’s court, created devotional literature and praised the glory of Krishna. Kabir attacked social evils directly from his Shabad, couplets and four-wheelers.
However, Acharya Ramchandra Shukla does not give any special importance to Kabir in his book Hindi literature in history. Acharya Hazari Prasad Dwivedi makes the world aware of Kabir’s literature. His book called Kabir gave importance to Kabir’s literature. It is obvious that the language in which folk literature was being composed will be more and more access to the people and that language will also develop.
The same happened with Hindi. The language of the literature composed during the Mughal period was Braj, Awadhi and other dialects, but jointly they all fall under a uniform called Hindi. That is, due to Mughal conservation, Hindi language developed a lot of development in that era.
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