India’s first crorepati singer rose from humble beginnings to perform for royalty and live a life of extraordinary wealth, but her remarkable journey ended in heartbreaking poverty.
Who was Gauhar Jaan?
Gauhar Jaan was one of the most celebrated early voices in Indian music. Born on June 26, 1873, in Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, her birth name was Angelina Yoward. Her father was Robert William Yoward, an engineer, and her mother, Victoria Hemmings, was a musician and dancer. After her parents separated, her mother converted to Islam and became Malka Jaan, while Angelina was renamed Gauhar Jaan.
Where did her journey begin?
After the family moved to Kolkata, Gauhar Jaan’s true musical journey began. She studied music and dance under some of the finest maestros of her time and trained in Hindustani classical forms such as thumri, dadra, kajri, and Kathak. Her talent was visible from a young age, and by 1888 she had already performed at the court of Darbhanga Raj, earning recognition as a court musician.
What made Gauhar Jaan famous?
Gauhar Jaan made history when gramophone recording reached India in the early 1900s. Her voice was recorded for the first time in 1902, and she quickly became one of the first major recording stars in the country. Since recordings were only about three minutes long, she adapted her performances skillfully to fit that format. At the end of each recording, she would famously say, “My name is Gauhar Jaan,” which became her signature.
How big was Gauhar Jaan’s stardom?
From 1902 to 1920, Gauhar Jaan recorded more than 600 songs in over ten languages. Her popularity was so great that her fees were considered extremely high for the time. Stories about her royal lifestyle still survive, including one about her request for a special train for herself, her entourage, servants, and luggage. Reportedly, the request was granted because of her fame and status.
Why is Gauhar Jaan remembered today?
Gauhar Jaan was far more than a singer; she was a pioneer who helped shape India’s early recorded music culture. Her photographs were even printed on postcards, showing how widely admired she was. In December 1911, she performed at the Delhi Durbar for British Emperor George V, a rare honour for any artist.
When did Gauhar Jaan’s life end?
In her later years, Gauhar Jaan moved to Mysore after being invited by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV as a court musician. As age and ill health caught up with her, her life became difficult. She passed away in Mysore on January 17, 1930, but her legacy as a trailblasing artist continues to live on.